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PVC is the English abbreviation for Polyvinyl Chloride, which is a thermoplastic plastic made by polymerizing vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). It is one of the most widely produced general-purpose plastics globally, featuring low cost and strong plasticity. Depending on whether plasticizers are added, PVC can be divided into two types:
Hard PVC (UPVC): No or little plasticizers are added, resulting in high hardness and strength, and it is often used for structural materials.
Soft PVC: More plasticizers are added, giving it a soft texture and elasticity, suitable for scenarios requiring flexibility.
Application characteristics of PVC
The widespread application of PVC is closely related to its unique physical and chemical properties, as follows:
1. Excellent physical properties
High plasticity: It can be easily processed and molded after heating, and can be made into various forms such as sheets, pipes, films, and profiles through extrusion, injection molding, and calendering, meeting the needs of different scenarios.
Adjustable hardness: By adjusting the proportion of plasticizers, it can be flexibly switched between "hard" and "soft" (such as hard PVC pipes vs soft PVC gloves).
High mechanical strength: Hard PVC has good impact resistance and compressive strength, suitable as structural support materials (such as window and door profiles, pipes).
2. Outstanding chemical stability
Strong corrosion resistance: It has good resistance to acids, alkalis, and salts, and is not easily corroded, thus often used in chemical pipelines, waste liquid treatment equipment, etc.
Good weather resistance: It can resist certain degrees of ultraviolet rays, wind, and other natural environmental erosion, suitable for outdoor use (such as outdoor billboards, plastic fences).
3. Diverse practical functions
Excellent insulation: It is a good insulator, widely used in insulation layers of wires and cables, electrical conduits, etc.
Good flame retardancy: It has certain flame retardancy on its own (it extinguishes easily when removed from the fire source), superior to most plastics (such as polyethylene, polypropylene), suitable for scenarios requiring fire protection (such as buildings, electrical appliances, etc.).
4. Economic and easy maintenance
Low cost: The raw materials are abundant, and the production process is mature, with a price lower than most engineering plastics (such as ABS, PC), offering high cost-effectiveness.
Easy to clean: The surface is smooth, not prone to staining, and can be wiped with water or ordinary cleaning agents, suitable for environments with high hygiene requirements (such as disposable gloves, operation table panels) (Note: PVC is flammable and releases hydrogen chloride gas when burned, so attention should be paid to fire prevention and recycling treatment).
5. Limitations (Noteable characteristics)
Limited temperature resistance: The long-term usage temperature is usually between -15℃ and 60℃, and it will deform under high temperatures. It is not suitable for long-term contact with hot water or high-temperature environments.
Environmental controversy: The plasticizers in soft PVC (such as phthalates) may volatilize harmful substances, and some scenarios have been replaced; and when PVC burns, it releases hydrogen chloride gas, so attention should be paid to fire prevention and recycling treatment.
PVC is the English abbreviation for Polyvinyl Chloride, which is a thermoplastic plastic made by polymerizing vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). It is one of the most widely produced general-purpose plastics globally, featuring low cost and strong plasticity. Depending on whether plasticizers are added, PVC can be divided into two types:
Hard PVC (UPVC): No or little plasticizers are added, resulting in high hardness and strength, and it is often used for structural materials.
Soft PVC: More plasticizers are added, giving it a soft texture and elasticity, suitable for scenarios requiring flexibility.
Application characteristics of PVC
The widespread application of PVC is closely related to its unique physical and chemical properties, as follows:
1. Excellent physical properties
High plasticity: It can be easily processed and molded after heating, and can be made into various forms such as sheets, pipes, films, and profiles through extrusion, injection molding, and calendering, meeting the needs of different scenarios.
Adjustable hardness: By adjusting the proportion of plasticizers, it can be flexibly switched between "hard" and "soft" (such as hard PVC pipes vs soft PVC gloves).
High mechanical strength: Hard PVC has good impact resistance and compressive strength, suitable as structural support materials (such as window and door profiles, pipes).
2. Outstanding chemical stability
Strong corrosion resistance: It has good resistance to acids, alkalis, and salts, and is not easily corroded, thus often used in chemical pipelines, waste liquid treatment equipment, etc.
Good weather resistance: It can resist certain degrees of ultraviolet rays, wind, and other natural environmental erosion, suitable for outdoor use (such as outdoor billboards, plastic fences).
3. Diverse practical functions
Excellent insulation: It is a good insulator, widely used in insulation layers of wires and cables, electrical conduits, etc.
Good flame retardancy: It has certain flame retardancy on its own (it extinguishes easily when removed from the fire source), superior to most plastics (such as polyethylene, polypropylene), suitable for scenarios requiring fire protection (such as buildings, electrical appliances, etc.).
4. Economic and easy maintenance
Low cost: The raw materials are abundant, and the production process is mature, with a price lower than most engineering plastics (such as ABS, PC), offering high cost-effectiveness.
Easy to clean: The surface is smooth, not prone to staining, and can be wiped with water or ordinary cleaning agents, suitable for environments with high hygiene requirements (such as disposable gloves, operation table panels) (Note: PVC is flammable and releases hydrogen chloride gas when burned, so attention should be paid to fire prevention and recycling treatment).
5. Limitations (Noteable characteristics)
Limited temperature resistance: The long-term usage temperature is usually between -15℃ and 60℃, and it will deform under high temperatures. It is not suitable for long-term contact with hot water or high-temperature environments.
Environmental controversy: The plasticizers in soft PVC (such as phthalates) may volatilize harmful substances, and some scenarios have been replaced; and when PVC burns, it releases hydrogen chloride gas, so attention should be paid to fire prevention and recycling treatment.
